The theory of multiple intelligences was developed in 1983 by Dr. Howard Gardner, professor of education at Harvard University.  It suggests that the traditional notion of intelligence, based on I.Q. testing, is far too limited.

Instead, Dr. Gardner proposes eight different intelligences to account for a broader range of human potential in children and adults. These intelligences are:

Linguistic intelligence involves reading, writing, speaking, The ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals.  

This intelligence includes the ability to effectively use language to express oneself, and language as a means to remember information. Writers, poets, lawyers and speakers are among those as having high linguistic intelligence. 

* Linguistic sensitivity: skill in the use of words for expressive and practical purposes 

* Reading: skill in reading 

* Writing: ability and interest in writing such as poems, stories, books or letters 

* Speaking: skill in oral communication for persuasion, mnemonics and description 

Logical-mathematical intelligence consists of the capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically.

This intelligence is most often associated with scientific and mathematical thinking. 

* Problem Solving: skill in organization, problem solving and logical reasoning; curiosity and investigation 

* Calculations: ability to work with numbers for mathematical operations such as addition and division 

* Ability to perceive: logical patterns and relationships; statements and propositions; functions and complex processes and related abstractions 

Musical intelligence involves skill in the performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns. It encompasses the capacity to recognize and compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms.  

According to Howard Gardner musical intelligence runs in an almost structural parallel to linguistic intelligence.  

* Musical ability: sensitivity to rhythms, pitch, tunes or melody; and the timbre or distinctive tone of a musical piece 

* Instrument: skill and experience in playing a musical instrument 

* Vocal: a good voice for singing in tune and along with other people 

* Appreciation: actively enjoys listening to music 

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence entails the potential of using one's whole body or parts of the body to solve problems.  It is the ability to use mental abilities to coordinate bodily movements. Howard Gardner sees mental and physical activity as related. 

* Physical Skill: ability to move the whole body for physical activities such as balancing, coordination and sports 

* Dancing, Acting: to use the body in expressive, rhythmic and imitative ways 

* Working with Hands: to use the hands with dexterity and skill for detailed activities and small work 

Visual /Spatial intelligence working with images, mind mapping, visualizing, drawing.  It involves the potential to recognize and use the patterns of wide space and more confined areas. 

* Imagery: use of mental imagery for observation, artistic, creative, and other visual activities 

* Artistic Design: to create artistic designs, drawings, painting or other crafts 

* Construction: to be able to make, build or assemble things 

Interpersonal intelligence is concerned with the capacity to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people.  It allows people to work effectively with others. Educators, salespeople, religious and political leaders and counsellors all need a well-developed interpersonal intelligence. 

* Understanding People: sensitivity to and understanding of other people's moods, feelings and point of view 

* Getting along with Others: able to maintain good relationships with other people especially friends and siblings 

* Leadership: to take a leadership role among people through problem solving and influence 

Intrapersonal intelligence entails the capacity to understand oneself, to appreciate one's feelings, fears and motivations.  In Howard Gardner's view it involves having an effective working model of ourselves, and to be able to use such information to regulate our lives. 

* Knowing Myself: awareness of one's own ideas, abilities; personal decision making skill 

* Goal Awareness: awareness of goals and self correction and monitoring in light of a goal 

* Managing Feelings: ability to regulate one's feelings, moods and emotional responses 

* Managing Behavior: ability to regulate one's mental activities and behavior 

Naturalist/Ecological intelligence - awareness of the natural world and our relationship to it. 

Naturalist intelligence enables human beings to recognize, categorize and draw upon certain features of the environment.  It 'combines a description of the core ability with a characterization of the role that many cultures value.

* Animal Care: skill for understanding animal behavior, needs, characteristics 

* Plant Care: ability to work with plants, (i.e., gardening, farming and horticulture) 

* Science: knowledge of natural living energy forces including cooking, weather and physics 

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